Search: For - INDIAN ECONOMY

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Breathing new life into BIMSTEC: Challenges and imperatives
Apr 27, 2020

Breathing new life into BIMSTEC: Challenges and imperatives

This paper explores the various opportunities and challenges of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation or BIMSTEC, a unique inter-regional grouping composed of aspiring member countries from South Asia and Southeast Asia. While the grouping has massive potential to contribute to regional cooperation, this paper explores the capabilities of the organisation in terms of meeting the expectations of renewed

Busting the myths around Indian households’ debts
May 07, 2024

Busting the myths around Indian households’ debts

Declaring a decline in Indian households' net financial assets without understanding their saving behaviours would be misguided.

Can SDGs define India’s growth story in a post-Covid world?
Jul 25, 2020

Can SDGs define India’s growth story in a post-Covid world?

The post-pandemic Indian economy could resurrect itself by prioritising Sustainable Development – as the SDGs not only embody various capitals, but also hold immense potential for business opportunities. This needs to be realised through global partnerships and more private sector involvement in the domestic economy.

China seeks rekindling of Indian ties
Jul 15, 2014

China seeks rekindling of Indian ties

If Indian economy begins to take off and it is able to overhaul its dysfunctional military system, India can emerge as a formidable second pole of the Asia-Pacific region, maybe just a shade inferior to China.

China’s Tech Challenge: Assessing Biden’s Response
Jul 15, 2023

China’s Tech Challenge: Assessing Biden’s Response

Vivek Mishra, “China’s Tech Challenge: Assessing Biden’s Response,” ORF Issue Brief No. 649, July 2023.

COVID19 impact on India to be more than $40.9 billion in first quarter
Apr 13, 2020

COVID19 impact on India to be more than $40.9 billion in first quarter

Like any other country Indian economy is dealing with a once-in-a-lifetime tectonic disaster.

Crypto Policy: भारत में क्रिप्टो नीति को लेकर तमाशा जारी
Jul 30, 2023

Crypto Policy: भारत में क्रिप्टो नीति को लेकर तमाशा जारी

जब ख़तरनाक रफ़्तार से डिजिटल वित्त सेक्टर आगे बढ़ रहा है,

Economy volatile and unpredictable: Former PM Advisor
Jan 15, 2019

Economy volatile and unpredictable: Former PM Advisor

The state of the Indian economy is intricately intertwined with the rest of the world.

Exports and e-commerce in India
Oct 24, 2017

Exports and e-commerce in India

This paper attempts to make a contribution in the context of the recent push in making India an e-empowered economy for promoting exports. The study stems from the premise that exports respond significantly to the costs associated with breaking into foreign markets and sustaining in those markets, whereas e-commerce offers a ready platform to minimise such costs. The empirical exercise focuses on export decision and export intensity, after adjust

Farm Bill 2020 and the invisible trade-off between agricultural sector and non-farm sectors
Dec 10, 2021

Farm Bill 2020 and the invisible trade-off between agricultural sector and non-farm sectors

The development of non-farm sectors alongside infrastructural changes in the agricultural sector could bring reformation of the Indian economy.

Flight of foreign portfolio investments: Perilous to government plans
Sep 10, 2019

Flight of foreign portfolio investments: Perilous to government plans

Despite recent waivers, continuing the withdrawal of FPIs from the Indian economy highlights the perils of an uninsulated capital market in India.

For a strong and powerful India
Nov 17, 2015

For a strong and powerful India

India is now being recognized as the fastest growing country in Asia. Even PM Modi recently said that Indian economy is doing much better now. But India's soft underbelly should not be forgotten -- India has the highest number of malnourished children under- five years of age in the world.

Gender-Responsive Budgeting: A task ahead for India’s 15th finance commission
Aug 10, 2018

Gender-Responsive Budgeting: A task ahead for India’s 15th finance commission

Gender equality is a fundamental human right. This principle is also found in the SDG 2030 Agenda where its signatories, including India, reaffirmed their commitment to mainstreaming gender development and ensuring equal representation of women in political and economic decision-making. This paper outlines gender-budgeting norms for resource allocations as an essential prerequisite for India to achieve progress towards the SDG-5 on gender equalit

How the PM put India on an even keel
May 26, 2015

How the PM put India on an even keel

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been energetically pushing the Indian view. If he is able to transform the Indian economy and put it on a fast growth track in the coming years, he will sharply enhance India's weight in the international system.

Impact Investments in India: Towards Sustainable Development
Jun 24, 2020

Impact Investments in India: Towards Sustainable Development

Conventional investments cater to investors who intend to gain financial returns. Other investors whose aim is to generate a positive social or environmental impact at a decent rate of return, turn to “impact investments” for their purpose. Mobilised to finance social enterprises, impact investments assume three primary forms: embedded, integrated, and external. This paper discusses the ideas of impact investment and social enterprises, and o

Implementation issues in India’s GST
Jun 23, 2017

Implementation issues in India’s GST

ndia is attempting to introduce a streamlined tax system to handle indirect taxation within the country. While the new system has been acknowledged as beneficial in a number of ways, there remain concerns regarding its implementation. If handled poorly, this tax reform could have long-term effects on the Indian economy.

Improving access to Agricultural credit: New perspectives
Jan 08, 2020

Improving access to Agricultural credit: New perspectives

India’s agrarian crisis has deepened in the past several years, contributing to the slowdown of the economy. Amongst the most crucial factors affecting the country’s agricultural sector is financial inclusion. Over the years, India has attempted various measures to narrow the gap in financial inclusion for its farmers, yet the goal continues to elude the country. This paper presents a discussion of these measures, outlining the current state

Index of Industrial Production glitches continue to cloud GDP optimism
Mar 23, 2021

Index of Industrial Production glitches continue to cloud GDP optimism

The Indian economy cannot attain normalcy in the long run without addressing glitches in its industrial sectors — particularly in manufacturing.

India takes charge on the World stage: विश्व मंच पर भारत ने संभाली कमान
Jul 19, 2023

India takes charge on the World stage: विश्व मंच पर भारत ने संभाली कमान

जैसा कि भारत ने G20 की बागडोर संभाली है, समावेशिता और सहयोग �

India’s Moment in the Geopolitics of Oil
Apr 04, 2023

India’s Moment in the Geopolitics of Oil

Global energy markets have battled continuous uncertainty over the past three years, disrupted first by the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, and by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. India has been adept at navigating both these disruptions, using economic diplomacy to position itself favourably in the geopolitics of oil. New Delhi’s delicate balancing of its political relationship with both Washington DC and Moscow has been accompanied

India’s UPI Market: Projections for Growth Under Various GDP Scenarios
Sep 08, 2023

India’s UPI Market: Projections for Growth Under Various GDP Scenarios

This paper projects the nationwide and state-wise size of India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) market under various GDP growth scenarios. The market sizes under these scenarios are expressed in monetary values at the scale of both sub-national units and the Indian economy as a whole. With the help of transactions and market share data from Phonepe, a UPI company, the paper estimates the national and state-wise base case scenario market volu

Japanese assistance drives Indian growth
Jun 07, 2013

Japanese assistance drives Indian growth

Japanese ODA has eased the burden of borrowing in the Indian market. Moreover, with the Japanese economy still struggling to induce growth, investments in India offer an avenue to earn interest income. Increased Japanese FDI is also likely to give a huge boost to the Indian economy.

Learning from the old, preparing for the new: Designing an institutional architecture for India’s development partnerships
Mar 24, 2017

Learning from the old, preparing for the new: Designing an institutional architecture for India’s development partnerships

India’s increasing economic and political clout has prompted a spurt in the volume and complexity of its overseas development assistance. Looking ahead, the largest incremental capital for global development and infrastructure beyond what exists today will also come from India as the value of its economy grows from $2 trillion to roughly $7 trillion by 2030. However, the DPA – India’s development cooperation agency – is yet to assume an a

Leveraging the Rice Export Ban for Crop Substitution in India
Mar 20, 2024

Leveraging the Rice Export Ban for Crop Substitution in India

India is the world’s largest rice exporter, making it a significant player in the global rice market. A global rice shortage is anticipated amid rising geopolitical tensions and commodity prices. To safeguard domestic consumers from exorbitant price shocks, India has banned the export of non-basmati white rice since July 2023. This paper examines the ban's implications, especially regarding welfare redistribution among basmati and non-basmati f

Making BITs Less Biting: India’s Reform of the Investment Regime
Nov 26, 2016

Making BITs Less Biting: India’s Reform of the Investment Regime

In response to increasing criticism of the existing international investment regime, various countries, including India, have been revising their model investment treaties. is paper analyses India's recently approved Model Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). It makes an assessment of the text's practical implications from the perspective of ongoing negotiations of investment agreements with several countries, as well as India's transition towards

Need for corrective policies to curb growing economic inequality
Dec 15, 2011

Need for corrective policies to curb growing economic inequality

There is a lot of disturbing news regarding the Indian economy today which is likely to spoil the outlook for 2012. One of them is regarding the rise in inequality.

New Space for the Future of Work: Co-working in India
Jun 19, 2020

New Space for the Future of Work: Co-working in India

The nature of work is changing, leading to the loss of some jobs and the creation of others that require radically changed skills. In India, as the requirements of this evolving labour market change, co-working spaces fulfil many of the new needs. The aim of this paper is twofold: to describe the development of the co-working industry in India, its driving factors, as well as the architecture, design and social aspects of the work environment; a

Next step for the bank reforms
Dec 26, 2017

Next step for the bank reforms

Banking is the only prominent sector within the Indian economy where private corporations are dwarfed by public entities. The sector needs to be recti

ORF takes on the budget
Feb 02, 2019

ORF takes on the budget

How does the interim budget impact some of the most critical facets of the Indian economy?

ORF takes on the budget
Feb 02, 2019

ORF takes on the budget

How does the interim budget impact some of the most critical facets of the Indian economy?

Path to full GDP recovery is likely to be long and arduous
Sep 08, 2021

Path to full GDP recovery is likely to be long and arduous

A statistical analysis of the recovery the Indian economy post pandemic

Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery: Seven Priorities for India
Jan 14, 2021

Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery: Seven Priorities for India

This paper examines the pre-pandemic slowdown, and subsequent contraction, in Indian economy. Utilising an analysis of broad macroeconomic and sectoral fundamentals, the paper argues that a notable lack of consumption and investment demand had already persisted before the pandemic; COVID-19 heightened those trends. Henceforth, India’s economic revival will be crucially dependent on demand generation by direct government fiscal intervention. The

Promoting a ‘GDP of the Poor’: The imperative of integrating ecosystems valuation in development policy
Mar 17, 2020

Promoting a ‘GDP of the Poor’: The imperative of integrating ecosystems valuation in development policy

This paper argues in favour of integrating valuation of ecosystem services in development policy planning in India. The paper presents three cases where monetary values of ecosystem services have been estimated to illustrate the significance of the exercise: the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) in Uttarakhand, the Kunigal Wetlands in Karnataka, and the Indian Sundarbans Delta (ISD) in West Bengal. The first two cases highlight the ecosystem-livelihoods

Public Credit Guarantee for Small Enterprises in India: An Explainer
Jun 10, 2021

Public Credit Guarantee for Small Enterprises in India: An Explainer

In many parts of the world, including India, Public Credit Guarantee Programmes (PCGP) improve access to credit for small enterprises that are unable to obtain assistance from mainstream financers. This brief discusses the relevance of PCGPs in India, their mechanisms, features, and efficiency. Although these programmes have improved access to credit for MSMEs (micro, small and medium enterprises), there are concerns regarding their efficiency an

Q1 GDP Growth Estimates: Encouraging but slightly below projections
Sep 19, 2022

Q1 GDP Growth Estimates: Encouraging but slightly below projections

A careful reading of the first quarter estimates of 2022-23 raises quite a few questions about whether the Indian economy is back on the growth path.

RBI versus the government: Independence and accountability in a democracy
Dec 07, 2018

RBI versus the government: Independence and accountability in a democracy

Conflicts between central banks and governments are embedded in the evolving discourse of every democracy. The recent discord between the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Ministry of Finance (MoF) is neither the first nor likely to be the last. Institutionally, once a disagreement between the RBI and the MoF crosses the Rubicon, the government has the power to overrule the central bank’s decisions. Moreover, such a structure is not restricte